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<h1 id="一、vim语句"><a href="#一、vim语句" class="headerlink" title="一、vim语句"></a><font size=3>一、<code>vim</code>语句</font></h1><p>一般来说，作为一门编程语言，都要有语句吧。不过<code>vimscript</code>的语句都是一条命令，这与<code>Shell</code>很类似。接下来就来了解一下<code>vim</code>中的语句。这里有一份官方参考文档待查收：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/eval.html#eval.txt">VIM: eval  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></p>
<h1 id="二、基本语法"><a href="#二、基本语法" class="headerlink" title="二、基本语法"></a><font size=3>二、基本语法</font></h1><h2 id="1-条件语句"><a href="#1-条件语句" class="headerlink" title="1. 条件语句"></a><font size=3>1. 条件语句</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-一般形式"><a href="#1-1-一般形式" class="headerlink" title="1.1 一般形式"></a><font size=3>1.1 一般形式</font></h3><p>在<code>vimscript</code>中，条件语句的一般格式如下：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>if...</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if expression</span><br><span class="line">	command</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>if...else...</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if expression</span><br><span class="line">	command1</span><br><span class="line">else</span><br><span class="line">	command2</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li><code>if...elseif...</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if expression</span><br><span class="line">	command1</span><br><span class="line">elseif</span><br><span class="line">	command2</span><br><span class="line">else</span><br><span class="line">	command3</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>【注意】<code>if</code>后边的表达式不像<code>C</code>或者<code>Shell</code>那样需要用<code>()</code>或者<code>[]</code>之类的括起来，<code>vimscript</code>中<code>if</code>后边表达式直接写，只要表达式可以判断真伪即可。</p>
<h3 id="1-2-if"><a href="#1-2-if" class="headerlink" title="1.2 if..."></a><font size=3>1.2 <code>if...</code></font></h3><ul>
<li><code>expression</code>为数字</li>
</ul>
<p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if 1</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;true&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br><span class="line">if 0</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;false&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">true</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以发现，只有<code>if 1</code>进行了输出，<code>if 0</code>为假，并未输出而是直接结束。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>expression</code>为字符串</li>
</ul>
<p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if &quot;string1&quot;</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;string1&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br><span class="line">if &#x27;string1&#x27;</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;string1&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br><span class="line">if &quot;12345&quot;</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;12345&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">12345</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以发现，只有<code>if &quot;12345&quot;</code>进行了输出，其他的都未进行输出。这是为什么呢？接下来我们来验证一下，对于<code>vim</code>来说，它对含有数字的字符串会怎样处理。</p>
<p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容，为什么要做这几个实验呢？一来是网上就这么说的，而来，自己猜测一下，<code>if</code>语句判断的是真或者假，对于计算机而言，只有<code>1</code>或者<code>0</code>，可以想象，最后字符串应该是被转化成了整数，可是具体转化成了多少，我们却不得而知，接下来就按照网上的测试进行一个验证：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo &quot;string&quot; + 1</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;1string&quot; + 1</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;string1&quot; + 1</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;12345&quot; + 1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">12346</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以发现，当字符串与整数相加减时，**以一个数字开头的字符串会被强制转换成数字，否则会转换成<code>0</code>**，在所有的强制转换完成后，当<code>if</code>的判断条件等于非零整数时，<code>vim</code>才会执行<code>if</code>语句。</p>
<h3 id="1-3-if-else"><a href="#1-3-if-else" class="headerlink" title="1.3 if...else..."></a><font size=3>1.3 <code>if...else...</code></font></h3><p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if 0</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;true&quot;</span><br><span class="line">else</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;false&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">false</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="1-4-if-elseif"><a href="#1-4-if-elseif" class="headerlink" title="1.4 if...elseif..."></a><font size=3>1.4 <code>if...elseif...</code></font></h3><p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if 0</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;if&quot;</span><br><span class="line">elseif &quot;string&quot;</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;elseif&quot;</span><br><span class="line">else</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;else finally&quot;</span><br><span class="line">endif</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">else finally</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-循环"><a href="#2-循环" class="headerlink" title="2. 循环"></a><font size=3>2. 循环</font></h2><p>作为一门脚本编程语言，无可厚非，循环是一定要有的，接下来就来看一看<code>Vinscriupt</code>中的循环 。<code>vimscript</code>中的循环似乎不像<code>C</code>那样丰富多彩，似乎我就只见过以下几种，后续有在遇到，再将其一起写在这里。</p>
<h3 id="2-1-for循环"><a href="#2-1-for循环" class="headerlink" title="2.1 for循环"></a><font size=3>2.1 <code>for</code>循环</font></h3><h4 id="2-1-1-一般格式"><a href="#2-1-1-一般格式" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1 一般格式"></a><font size=3>2.1.1 一般格式</font></h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for &#123;var&#125; in &#123;object&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	command</span><br><span class="line">endfo[r] </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>【注意】</p>
<p>（1）<code>&#123;var&#125;</code>在之前可以没有定义，这里可以直接使用。</p>
<p>（2）<code>&#123;object&#125;</code> 可以是  <code>list</code> 或  <code>blob</code> 。变量 <code>&#123;var&#125;</code>设为每个项目的值。如果循环里某个命令出错，从 <code>endfor</code>之后继续执行。</p>
<h4 id="2-1-2-使用实例"><a href="#2-1-2-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2 使用实例"></a><font size=3>2.1.2 使用实例</font></h4><p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let sum = 0</span><br><span class="line">for var in [1, 3, 6, 9]</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;var=&quot;var</span><br><span class="line">	let sum += var</span><br><span class="line">endfor</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;sum=&quot;sum</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var= 1</span><br><span class="line">var= 3</span><br><span class="line">var= 6</span><br><span class="line">var= 9</span><br><span class="line">sum= 19</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="2-2-while循环"><a href="#2-2-while循环" class="headerlink" title="2.2 while循环"></a><font size=3>2.2 <code>while</code>循环</font></h3><h4 id="2-1-1-一般格式-1"><a href="#2-1-1-一般格式-1" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1 一般格式"></a><font size=3>2.1.1 一般格式</font></h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">while expression</span><br><span class="line">	command</span><br><span class="line">endwhile</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h4 id="2-1-2-使用实例-1"><a href="#2-1-2-使用实例-1" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2 使用实例"></a><font size=3>2.1.2 使用实例</font></h4><p>在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let num = 1</span><br><span class="line">let sum = 0</span><br><span class="line">while num &lt;= 10</span><br><span class="line">	let sum +=num</span><br><span class="line">	let num+=1</span><br><span class="line">endwhile</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;sum=&quot;sum&quot;\nnum=&quot;num</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sum= 55 </span><br><span class="line">num= 11</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-循环中的命令"><a href="#3-循环中的命令" class="headerlink" title="3. 循环中的命令"></a><font size=3>3. 循环中的命令</font></h2><p>在<code>vimscript</code>中，还有一些命令经常在循环中使用，这里罗列几个，由于其他的我还没有遇到过，所以暂时也不是很理解什么意思，后边遇到了再总结到一起。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-con-tinue"><a href="#3-1-con-tinue" class="headerlink" title="3.1 con[tinue]"></a><font size=3>3.1 <code>con[tinue]</code></font></h3><p>在 <code>while</code> 或 <code>for</code> 循环的内部，跳回循环开始的地方。简单来说就是直接进行下一次的循环，其后的语句不再执行。详情可查看：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/eval.html#:continue">VIM: eval - continue <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p>
<p>例如：在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let num = 1</span><br><span class="line">let sum = 0</span><br><span class="line">while num &lt;= 10</span><br><span class="line">	if num % 2 == 0</span><br><span class="line">		let num+=1</span><br><span class="line">		continue</span><br><span class="line">	endif</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;num=&quot;num</span><br><span class="line">	let sum +=num</span><br><span class="line">	let num+=1</span><br><span class="line">endwhile</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;sum=&quot;sum&quot;\tnum=&quot;num</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">num= 1</span><br><span class="line">num= 3</span><br><span class="line">num= 5</span><br><span class="line">num= 7</span><br><span class="line">num= 9</span><br><span class="line">sum= 25         num= 11</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-2-brea-k"><a href="#3-2-brea-k" class="headerlink" title="3.2 brea[k]"></a><font size=3>3.2 <code>brea[k]</code></font></h3><p>在 <code>while</code> 或 <code>for</code> 循环的内部，跳到相匹配的<code>endwhile</code> 或 <code>endfor</code>之后的命令。简单来说就是直接结束本层循环，其后的语句不再执行。详情可查看：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/eval.html#:break">VIM: eval - break <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p>
<p>例如：在<code>text.vim</code>文件中添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let num = 1</span><br><span class="line">let sum = 0</span><br><span class="line">while num &lt;= 10</span><br><span class="line">	if num == 5</span><br><span class="line">		break</span><br><span class="line">	endif</span><br><span class="line">	echo &quot;num=&quot;num</span><br><span class="line">	let sum +=num</span><br><span class="line">	let num+=1</span><br><span class="line">endwhile</span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;sum=&quot;sum&quot;\tnum=&quot;num</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令模式中执行<code>:source test.vim</code>可以看到输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">num= 1</span><br><span class="line">num= 2</span><br><span class="line">num= 3</span><br><span class="line">num= 4</span><br><span class="line">sum= 10         num= 5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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